About This Book

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A Common Man’s Survival After Being Captured at the Battle of Dunbar and Sold into Servitude in America

In the winter of 1650–51, one hundred fifty ragged and hungry Scottish prisoners of war arrived at Massachusetts Bay Colony, where they were sold as indentured laborers for 20 to 30 pounds each. Among them was Thomas Doughty, a common foot soldier who had survived the Battle of Dunbar, a forced marched of 100 miles without food or water, imprisonment in Durham Cathedral, and a difficult Atlantic crossing. An ordinary individual who experienced extraordinary events, Doughty was among some 420 Scottish soldiers who were captured during the War of the Three Kingdoms, transported to America, and sold between 1650 and 1651. Their experiences offer a fresh perspective on seventeenth-­century life.

The Involuntary American: A Scottish Prisoner’s Journey to the New World by Carol R. Gardner describes Doughty’s life as a soldier, prisoner of war, exile, servant, lumberman, miller, and ultimately free landowner. It follows him and his peers through critical events: the apex of the Little Ice Age, the War of the Three Kingdoms, the colonization of New England, the burgeoning transatlantic trade in servants and slaves, King Philip’s and King William’s wars, and the Salem witch crisis. First­person accounts of individuals who lived through those events—Scottish, English, Puritan, Native American, wealthy, poor, working class, educated or not— provide rich period detail and a variety of perspectives.

The Involuntary American demonstrates how even indi­viduals of humble circumstances were swept into the mael­strom of the First Global Age. It expands our understanding of immigration to the colonies, colonial servitude, the link­ages and tensions between Europe, Massachusetts Bay, and America’s northeastern frontier, and of New England socie­ty in the early colonial period.

Carol R. Gardner earned a PhD in English from Johns Hopkins University, and taught at Johns Hopkins, Wake Forest, and Florida State Universities. A writer and journalist, she has published pieces in a wide variety of books and periodicals, including BluePlanet Quarterly, the Women’s Review of Books, Portland Press Herald, and the Washington Post. She is a past winner of a Maryland Individual Artists award.

Praise for The Involuntary American:

“A fascinating piece of history, ably told.”—Portland Press Herald